A Brief History of the Internet and
Related Networks
Introduction
In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate
techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various
kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols which would
allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple,
linked packet networks. This was called the Internetting project and
the system of networks which emerged from the research was known as
the Internet. The system
of protocols which was developed over the course of this research effort
became known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols
developed: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol
(IP).
When
surfing the Internet remember that if you click a link and want to go
back to the original page, it is much easier if you open the link in
a new window, which is done in different ways in different browsers,
but in Internet Explorer and Opera, it is achievd by holding down SHIFT
when clicking the link; and in Mozilla and
Netscape by holding down the CTRL key when clicking the link.
Today
all companies need a presence on the internet. Whether it is just a page
with contact details and brief information, or a fully-interactive customer
experience, or an online shop, it needs to look professional and in tune
with your companys own style and goals.
Are
your competitors already on the world wide web? Or is now the time to
get on peoples comptuer screens before the others do. You need
a site that promotes your company/ product/ service/ you, and that stands
out without looking just the same as the rest.
For
personal or small business customers.
Web
Pages
Creating
web sites today means putting together web pages, graphics, forms,
animations, links and more.
We
can make a web page or a full site for you or your business/organisation.
We can turn your ideas into something that anyone in the world can
view on their computer.
You
can have just one page, which could have your logo, contact details,
a summary of what you do/offer/sell, pictures of your products/services,
and a link for people to send email to you. Click
for example.
For
those customers without existing internet access, we can set up an
email account with messages forwarded to you for a small fee. If
you expect to receive a large amount of email, you should consider
investing in some form of email receiving equipment, either a computer
connected to the internet, TV email, mobile phone email, email to
fax service, or email phone.
If
you need a website with a lot more than just one page, then you can
have as many pages as you need, with linked pages, graphics, details
of your products and services, special offers, feedback pages, and
information about your company.
If
you want a personal site, you might want to have photos and information
on your family, your hobby, your interests, or anything else that
you want.
Pages
on the site can be given an overall look and feel, according to your
own house style, or a completely new style, for a professional look.
All pages will contain the information you specify (subject to legalities
and technical suitability), and checked for spelling, grammar and
working links.
A
website is not complete without graphics. You may already have a
website but need to jazz it up a little with some appropriate pictures,
photos or graphical devices.
To
put images on the web, pictures are normally in GIF or JPG format.
Conversion from other formats of supplied images can be made without
loss of quality, and the image can be optimised for lowest possible
file size to ensure quickest possible time for the graphic to appear
on the page (without reducing size of the image).
Images
can also be resized, or made into greyscale or colour images as appropriate.
Images can be sent on disk, or via email, or prints to be scanned.
Graphics
can be created from scratch, using your own ideas/designs, or we
can design something new for you.
It
is important to remember that graphics should be small enough to
load quickly, large enough to look good, and of a high enough quality
to be viewable on all computer systems.
Another
form of graphic you can have on a web page is an animation, of which
there are two basic types: animated GIFs and Flash. Animated GIFs,
like the ones shown here, are useful for small repeated animations
that can grab attention, illustrate a point, or liven up a page.
Graphics
can also be made to animate by placing them on layers and animating
the layer. Click here to
see an example.
Flash
animations are more complex, and most browsers today have the necessary
plug-in to view Flash movies. Those that dont can easily add
the plug-in by downloading it from the Macromedia site.
When someone tries to view a Flash movie on a web page and does not
have the plug-in, a message will appear prompting them to install
the plug-in.
Flash
movies can contain all sorts of information, text, images, sounds,
even mini-games.
If
you can view the Flash movie below then you have the plug-in: (Click
here to view Flash movie in separate window)
Sometimes
it is necessary to make changes to pages that require editing of
the HTML coding. No special software is needed to edit HTML code,
you can use a simple text editor. But without proper knowledge of
the HTML programming language it is easy to make mistakes. Visual
web page designers can sometimes add unnecessary repeated code in
webpages, HTML editing allows these to be removed without affecting
the page design.
Do
you have a number of photos that you would like to share with friends
and family around the country or the world?
Send
us your photos, they can be scanned into the computer and placed
on a web site of your choice. Depending on where the photos are posted
there may be an ongoing hosting charge.
We
can scan photos up to A4 size, and transparencies up to 101 by 127
mm.
Your
photographs can be scanned into the computer and altered in numerous
ways. Simple effects such as altering lighting, colours, colour to
black and white, mixing images, altering colours, adding textures,
cropping images.
When
you need to put a file on the internet, you need to be aware of
your audience and how they will view it. A web page is HTML format
(Hyper Text Markup Language), and it can contain images (JPEG,
GIF), animations (GIF, SWF), as well as links to other files that
can be downloaded or displayed such as PDF.
Some
image types cannot be displayed properly in web browsers, they
have to be converted to JPEG or GIF. Formats that need converting
include: TIFF, BMP, RLE, PCX, PSD, PDD, CDR, CMX, WMF, EPS, AI.
Documents
can be distributed easily on the web using the Acrobat PDF format.
Any document that can be printed can be converted to PDF and put
on a website. PDF stands for Portable Document Format, and was
developed by Adobe. To read PDF files, the user needs the free
program from Adobe called Acrobat Reader. The latest version can
be downloaded for free from www.adobe.com.
Note: All services for
PC only. Users of other computer systems are advised to ensure
they can use IBM-compatible disks and files. Any file supplied
in an incompatible format cannot be used. Send all files in PC
format to ensure compatibility. We use IBM-compatible PCs running
Windows. Linux services may be added in the future.
Fees for all services are negotiable. Please contact us
for a quote, stating what you require.
We support the UKMA and
the use of the metric system, aka SI.
It's time
to get rid of the old stone age units. If you are unsure of metric,
please visit www.thinkmetric.org.uk